Diwali, India’s much-loved festival of lights, celebrates
the triumph of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance.
Traditionally, homes come alive with the glow of oil lamps (diyas), colorful
illuminations, and the vibrant sounds of firecrackers. However, in recent
years, the environmental toll of these festivities has raised significant
concerns. The widespread use of firecrackers contributes to alarming levels of
pollution, exacerbating air and noise pollution. In the face of climate change
and environmental degradation, it is now essential to adopt eco-friendly
practices while celebrating Diwali.
Firecrackers were once a symbol of excitement and a way to
ward off evil spirits. Today, however, their overuse has serious environmental
and health repercussions. Fireworks release toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides, along with harmful particulate matter, all of which
contribute to smog and respiratory problems. Additionally, the heavy metals in
firecrackers can pollute the soil and water. Urban areas, with their dense
populations and limited greenery, face a particularly high environmental
burden, as air quality often dips to dangerous levels during the festival. This
pollution not only affects humans but also animals and plants.
Noise pollution is another critical concern. The loud
explosions of firecrackers cause distress to elderly people, children, and
pets. Animals, especially urban wildlife and domestic pets, experience anxiety
and fear due to the constant noise. For humans, extended exposure to high
decibel levels can lead to hearing loss and stress. In this light, cutting back
on or eliminating firecrackers during Diwali is not only an environmental need
but also a compassionate gesture.
The movement towards celebrating an eco-conscious Diwali is
growing as more people realize the importance of protecting the planet for
future generations. One of the simplest ways to celebrate sustainably is by
reducing or avoiding firecrackers. Many families and communities have already
embraced this shift, focusing on quieter, more peaceful ways to observe the
festival, such as lighting traditional diyas or energy-efficient lights. This
approach preserves the spirit of Diwali while reducing environmental harm.
For those who wish to maintain the firecracker tradition,
eco-friendly options are available. These produce less smoke and noise, thereby
minimizing pollution. However, their adoption remains limited, and greater
efforts are needed to make them more widely accessible.
A key aspect of a sustainable Diwali is choosing
eco-friendly decorations. Rather than using plastic decorations, which
contribute to long-term environmental damage, individuals can opt for natural
materials like clay, flowers, and organic dyes. Handmade paper lanterns, clay
diyas, and flower rangolis are not only environmentally friendly but also add a
personal and artistic touch to the festivities. These natural materials
decompose quickly, helping reduce waste during the celebration.
Energy conservation is another important consideration
during Diwali. While electric lights are often used to enhance the festivities,
opting for energy-efficient options like LED lights can cut down on electricity
consumption. Solar-powered lights are another excellent choice for a
sustainable celebration. Additionally, limiting the time lights are kept on can
prevent excessive energy use. Small actions like these, when taken
collectively, can have a significant positive impact.
Mindful consumption is another aspect of an eco-friendly
Diwali. The festival often involves a rush to purchase new clothes, gadgets,
and other items, leading to a rise in non-recyclable waste and the depletion of
resources. Instead of buying mass-produced goods, people can choose sustainable
gifts such as handmade crafts, organic products, or items made from recycled
materials. This supports small businesses and reduces the environmental
footprint of the celebration.
Food is an integral part of Diwali, with traditional sweets
and delicacies being enjoyed throughout the festival. However, it’s important
to avoid food wastage. Preparing meals in appropriate quantities and sharing
food with neighbors or those in need can help minimize waste. Composting
kitchen waste, such as vegetable peels and leftovers, is another way to ensure
that the festival remains eco-friendly.
Community efforts are crucial for promoting a sustainable
Diwali. Organizing collective lighting of lamps in public spaces, hosting
eco-friendly fairs, and raising awareness about the importance of reducing
pollution can create a broader impact. Schools, colleges, and community
organizations can play an essential role in educating people about the harmful
effects of firecrackers and encouraging greener celebrations.
At its heart, Diwali is about joy, hope, and unity. By
embracing sustainable practices, we not only protect the environment but also
stay true to the festival’s spirit. Celebrating Diwali in an eco-friendly way
ensures that future generations can enjoy the festival without the looming
threat of pollution. With conscious choices and collective efforts, a greener
Diwali is well within our reach.
As we light our diyas this Diwali, let them symbolize not
just the victory of light over darkness, but also our commitment to
sustainability. By choosing an eco-friendly celebration, we ensure that Diwali
remains a festival of brightness and life, free from the shadow of
environmental harm.
( The writer is a former Director, Assam Seed and Organic
Certification Agency & former Joint Director of Agriculture ( Pulse ),
Department of Agriculture, Assam)
